Accurate polynomial expressions for the density and specific volume of seawater using the TEOS-10 standard     

《Ocean Modelling》2015

A new set of approximations to the standard TEOS-10 equation of state are presented. These follow a polynomial form, making it computationally efficient for use in numerical ocean models. Two versions are provided, the first being a fit of density for Boussinesq ocean models, and the second fitting specific volume which is more suitable for compressible models. Both versions are given as the sum of a vertical reference profile (6th-order polynomial) and an anomaly (52-term polynomial, cubic in pressure), with relative errors of ∼0.1% on the thermal expansion coefficients. A 75-term polynomial expression is also presented for computing specific volume, with a better accuracy than the existing TEOS-10 48-term rational approximation, especially regarding the sound speed, and it is suggested that this expression represents a valuable approximation of the TEOS-10 equation of state for hydrographic data analysis. In the last section, practical aspects about the implementation of TEOS-10 in ocean models are discussed.  相似文献   

Assessing 4D-VAR for dynamical mapping of coastal high-frequency radar in San Diego     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2010,49(1-3):175-197

The problem of dynamically mapping high-frequency (HF) radar radial velocity observations is investigated using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the San Diego coastal region and an adjoint-based assimilation method. The HF radar provides near-real-time radial velocities from three sites covering the region offshore of San Diego Bay. The hydrodynamical model is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) with 1 km horizontal resolution and 40 vertical layers. The domain is centered on Point Loma, extending 117 km offshore and 120 km alongshore. The reference run (before adjustment) is initialized from a single profile of T and S and is forced with wind data from a single shore station and with zero heat and fresh water fluxes. The adjoint of the model is used to adjust initial temperature, salinity, and velocity, hourly temperature, salinity and horizontal velocities at the open boundaries, and hourly surface fluxes of momentum, heat and freshwater so that the model reproduces hourly HF radar radial velocity observations. Results from a small number of experiments suggest that the adjoint method can be successfully used over 10-day windows at coastal model resolution. It produces a dynamically consistent model run that fits HF radar data with errors near the specified uncertainties. In a test of the forecasting capability of the San Diego model after adjustment, the forecast skill was shown to exceed persistence for up to 20 h.  相似文献   

利用机载GNSS反射信号反演海面风速的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王迎强  严卫  符养  李萍 《海洋学报》2008,30(6):51-59

全球卫星导航定位系统的反射信号(GNSS-R)遥感技术作为一种新型的、低成本的、高机动性的海面微波遥感测风技术,与其他测风手段优势互补,可以增加测风手段的多样性,弥补局部测风手段不足的状况。研究了接收机在机载高度时,GPS反射信号功率理论模型四部分函数的性质,在此基础之上,数值模拟了机载高度下理论相关功率波形,基于海面风速对波形峰值与后沿的影响,提出了一种能够兼顾所有理论波形信息的二维插值风速反演方法。利用该方法,结合实测机载数据对海面风速进行反演,反演的风速均值与附近测站风速均值相差为1.4 m/s,与浮标数据相一致。  相似文献   

Preliminary Studies on Predicting the Tropical Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature through Combined Statistical Methods and Dynamic ENSO Prediction          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Li-Wei  ZHENG Fei  ZHU Jiang 《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,6(1):52-59

The sea surface temperature(SST) in the Indian Ocean affects the regional climate over the Asian continent mostly through a modulation of the monsoon system.It is still difficult to provide an a priori indication of the seasonal variability over the Indian Ocean.It is widely recognized that the warm and cold events of SST over the tropical Indian Ocean are strongly linked to those of the equatorial eastern Pacific.In this study,a statistical prediction model has been developed to predict the monthly SST over the tropical Indian Ocean.This model is a linear regression model based on the lag relationship between the SST over the tropical Indian Ocean and the Ni o3.4(5°S-5°N,170°W-120°W) SST Index.The predictor(i.e.,Ni o3.4 SST Index) has been operationally predicted by a large size ensemble El Ni o and the Southern Oscillation(ENSO) forecast system with coupled data assimilation(Leefs_CDA),which achieves a high predictive skill of up to a 24-month lead time for the equatorial eastern Pacific SST.As a result,the prediction skill of the present statistical model over the tropical Indian Ocean is better than that of persistence prediction for January 1982 through December 2009.  相似文献   

主要作物产量分离方法比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

李心怡  张祎  赵艳霞  杜子璇  杨沈斌 《应用气象学报》2020,31(1):74-82

对作物产量进行分离是分析气象因子对产量影响的重要步骤之一。以1985—2018年江苏省24个县（市）水稻统计产量为基础,分别采用3年滑动平均法、5年滑动平均法、五点二次平滑法、二次指数平滑法、HP滤波法和年际增量法对作物产量进行分离。从趋势产量与气象产量两方面比较6种方法的一致性与差异性,将分离出的气象产量与典型年增减产记录对比,选出更能准确捕获气象因子导致产量变异的方法,利用气象因子与产量关系的合理性对选定的方法进行检验。结果表明:就趋势产量拟合而言,前5种方法（年际增量法不能模拟趋势产量）均能较好地拟合趋势产量,与研究区域的趋势产量的一致性相关系数绝大多数为较好和极好等级范围;就气象产量而言,HP滤波法和年际增量法分离气象产量的合理性较差,标准差明显大于其他方法。综合看,3年滑动平均法与五点二次平滑法更具有普适性,可以捕获整个地区绝大多数典型年份气象因子带来的产量变化。  相似文献   

卫星资料统计全球飞机积冰潜势分布特征     

赵阳  符养  赵增亮  孙学金  韩志刚  姚志刚 《热带气象学报》2018,34(1):102-114

利用云探测卫星CloudSat在2007年12月1日—2008年11月30日全年数据, 构建一种利用CloudSat云分类产品、温度产品、液态水含量产品来联合识别飞机积冰潜势的算法, 并利用该算法对上述时段的全球范围内飞机积冰潜势的出现频率进行统计分析, 旨在为航空安全特别是长途飞行提供一定参考依据。并分析了不同云类型和不同季节的飞机积冰潜势分布特征。结果表明:飞机积冰潜势在全球范围内存在纬向、海陆及季节差异特征。整体上中高纬度地区积冰潜势频率比低纬度地区高, 陆地上空的积冰潜势频率比海洋上空高; 对于不同云类型而言, 中高纬度地区积冰潜势以层云、层积云、高层云和高积云为主, 而低纬度地区积冰潜势以深对流云为主; 对于不同季节而言, 夏季积冰频率较低, 冬春季节频率较高。   相似文献   

国家自然科学基金大气科学学科二级申请代码下设研究方向与关键词解读:D0507生态气象          下载免费PDF全文

王雪梅  冯兆忠  汲玉河  常鸣  申芳霞  余振  要茂盛 《大气科学》2023,47(1):154-166

2020年国家自然科学基金委员会调整了大气科学学科申请代码,设置了15个二级申请代码,D0507生态气象是新设立的二级申请代码之一。在战略研究专项项目和科学界的支持下,关键词工作组组织专家经多轮研讨确定申请代码下设的研究方向和关键词。本文针对生态气象的4个研究方向及关键词设置背景、整体框架、内在逻辑等进行解读。重点阐述了生态气象的总体框架,阐明了4个研究方向（微生物的大气过程、大气变化的生态效应、生态系统对大气的影响、生态气象监测与模拟）各自特点及内在关系;给出了各研究方向及其关键词的内涵与外延,以及近5年（2017～2021年）各关键词在文献中出现的频次。提出在选择研究方向和关键词时的注意事项与建议。通过对研究方向和关键词的解读,有助于指导基金申请人选择合适研究方向和关键词,助力精准指派通讯评审专家。  相似文献   

Observed characteristics of atmospheric ducts over the South China Sea in autumn     

Cheng  Yinhe  Zhou  Shengqi  Wang  Dongxiao  Lu  Yuanzheng  Huang  Ke  Yao  Jinglong  You  Xiaobao 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(3):619-628

The observed characteristics of lower atmospheric ducts over the South China Sea(SCS) were analyzed based on Global Position Systerm(GPS) radiosonde data collected four times daily during autumn open cruises from 2006 to 2012.Duct occurrence,thickness,and strength over the SCS were about 40%,150-m thick,and 8 M units,respectively,which were larger than during the summer monsoon period.Most ducts occurred at heights 1 500 m and these ducts easily trap electromagnetic wave clusters with wavelengths 2 m.Diurnal variation of the SCS ducts appeared evident.They occurred more often at midnight at higher altitudes(about 1 100 m),with a thickest layer of about 145 m and less frequently during the evening at lower altitudes(about 800 m),with a thinnest layer of about 125 m.Moreover,ducts during the daytime at a mean height of about 900 m,with the greatest strength of about 10 M units.Furthermore,all duct variables observed over the SCS in autumn decreased from north to south.These findings are useful not only in the design of radar and communication systems,but also for evaluating possible effects of anomalous propagation on meteorological radar and military applications.  相似文献   

粒子下落末速度和粒子谱形参数对降水模拟影响的数值研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张衍达  王东海  尹金方  许焕斌 《大气科学》2016,40(4):841-852

数值模式能否准确地对降水过程进行预报,很大程度上取决于云微物理参数化方案能否准确地对云内的物理过程进行描述。目前显式云微物理参数化方案中对粒子的下落速度、不同直径粒子的浓度分布两方面的微物理特征,分别使用质量加权下落末速度和粒子谱进行描述。因此,参数化方案中不同的描述方式直接影响数值模式对降水过程的模拟结果。本文使用耦合了一种新的体积水法双参数云微物理参数化方案的WRF模式（Weather Research and Forecasting Model）3.5.1版本对发生在2013年5月8日的一次华南强降水过程进行模拟,分别对Ferrier和Locatelli两种质量加权下落末速度计算方法,以及常数参数和根据东亚地区实际观测结果改进的谱形参数两种粒子谱形参数设置的模拟结果进行分析,并对他们的四组参数组合预报结果进行评估。结果表明:（1）质量加权末速度的改变对降水强度有一定影响;（2）粒子谱形参数对模拟降水的强度和发展都有明显的影响,且谱形参数对本次降水模拟的影响强于下落末速度的影响;（3）Ferrier质量加权末速度和改进的谱形参数的组合试验组对降水的预报效果,相对其他三组试验有较明显的优势。  相似文献   

Recent Process in Near-Space Gravity Wave Analysis Based on Satellite Measurements   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xu Kai  Yao Zhigang  Han Zhigang  Zhao Zengliang  Fang Hanxian 《地球科学进展》2017,32(1):66-74

This article focused on the research progress in the gravity wave analysis based on satellite measurements including MODIS, AIRS, AMSU, MLS, DNB, COSMIC,HIRDLS and SOFIE. Besides, a few ground-based observation results and numerical models were briefly introduced and some cases of joint applications of satellite observations with ground-based observations and numerical models in the gravity waves were listed. In general, the satellite remote sensing data play an important role in the study of the characteristics in near-space environment, which can be applied to analyze the scales of gravity waves induced by different sources, correlations between the instabilities and waves as well as their patterns, the impacts in the climate process, wave-wave interactions and wave-flow interactions with other data.  相似文献